Kuwonetsetsa kuti ma welds mumakina owotcherera matako ndikofunikira kwambiri pakudalirika komanso chitetezo cha zida zowotcherera. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza njira ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira momwe kuwotcherera kumakina kumakina a matako, ndikugogomezera kufunikira kwa njira zowunikira mozama.
- Kuyang'anira Zowoneka:
- Kufunika:Kuyang'anira zowoneka ndi njira yowongoka kwambiri komanso yoyambira yowunika momwe kuwotcherera.
- Kachitidwe:Oyang'anira ophunzitsidwa amayang'ana cholumikizira chowotcherera kuti chiwone zolakwika zowoneka ngati ming'alu, ming'alu, kuphatikizika kosakwanira, kapena porosity kwambiri. Kuyendera uku kumachitika nthawi yomweyo pambuyo kuwotcherera komanso pambuyo pa chithandizo chilichonse chofunikira pambuyo pa kuwotcherera.
- Kuyang'ana Kwambiri:
- Kufunika:Kulondola kwa dimensional ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kukhulupirika kwa kamangidwe, kumapangitsa kuwunika koyang'ana kofunikira.
- Kachitidwe:Miyezo yolondola imayesedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti miyeso ya weld ikugwirizana ndi kapangidwe kake. Izi zikuphatikiza kuwunika kukula kwa weld, kuya kwake, ndi geometry yonse.
- Kuyesa Kopanda Kuwononga (NDT):
- Kufunika:Njira za NDT zimalola kuwunikira mwatsatanetsatane popanda kuwononga cholumikizira chowotcherera.
- Kachitidwe:Njira zingapo za NDT, monga kuyesa kwa akupanga, kuyesa kwa radiographic, kuyesa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndi kuyesa kolowera utoto, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zizindikire zolakwika zamkati, discontinuities, kapena kusokonekera kwa zinthu mu weld.
- Kuyesa Kwamakina:
- Kufunika:Kuyesa kwamakina kumayesa mphamvu ndi ductility wa weld.
- Kachitidwe:Kuyesa kwamphamvu, kukhudzidwa, ndi kuuma ndi mayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mtundu wa weld. Mayeserowa amatsimikizira kuthekera kwa weld kupirira mphamvu zogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kukana kwake kusweka.
- Mayeso a Macroscopic:
- Kufunika:Kuwunika kwa macroscopic kumapereka chithunzithunzi cham'mbuyo cha kapangidwe ka mkati mwa weld.
- Kachitidwe:Zitsanzo zapang'onopang'ono za weld zimakonzedwa ndikuwunikidwa pansi pa maikulosikopu kuti awone kapangidwe ka tirigu, madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi kutentha, komanso kupezeka kwa zolakwika zilizonse kapena zolakwika.
- Kuyeza kwa Microscopic:
- Kufunika:Kuwunika kwa Microscopic kumapereka mwatsatanetsatane zatsatanetsatane wa weld's microstructure.
- Kachitidwe:Zigawo zopyapyala za weld zimapukutidwa ndikuwunikidwa pansi pa maikulosikopu yamphamvu kwambiri kuti awone momwe zitsulo zowotcherera zimapangidwira, kuphatikiza kukula kwa tirigu, kuphatikizidwa, ndi kugawa gawo.
- Mayeso a Ultrasonic (UT):
- Kufunika:UT ndiwothandiza kwambiri pozindikira zolakwika zamkati mwa weld.
- Kachitidwe:Mafunde akupanga amafalitsidwa mu weld, ndipo mafunde owonetseredwa amawunikidwa. Zolakwika zilizonse mu weld structure zimazindikirika potengera ma echo.
- Kuyesa kwa Radiographic (RT):
- Kufunika:RT imapereka chidziwitso chokwanira cha momwe weld alili mkati.
- Kachitidwe:Ma X-ray kapena gamma amadutsa mu weld, ndikupanga chithunzi pafilimu kapena chowunikira digito. Discontinuities monga voids, inclusions, kapena ming'alu amawoneka ngati mithunzi pa radiograph.
Kuyang'ana mtundu wa kuwotcherera pamakina owotcherera matako ndi njira yochulukirapo yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kuyang'anira zowonera, kuyang'ana mawonekedwe, kuyesa kosawononga, kuyesa kwamakina, mayeso a macroscopic ndi ma microscopic, kuyesa akupanga, ndi kuyesa kwa radiographic. Iliyonse mwa njirazi imakhala ndi cholinga chowunika momwe ma weld amapangidwira, kumveka bwino kwamkati, komanso kugwirizana ndi kapangidwe kake. Pogwiritsa ntchito mwamphamvu njira zowunikirazi, owotcherera ndi owunikira amatha kuwonetsetsa kuti zolumikizira zowotcherera zimakwaniritsa miyezo yamakampani ndi zofunikira zachitetezo, zomwe zimathandizira kuti chipambano chonse komanso kudalirika kwazinthu zowotcherera munjira zosiyanasiyana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-02-2023
