Ungayithola Kanjani Ikhwalithi Yokushisela Emishinini Yokushisela Izinqe?

Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokushisela kubaluleke kakhulu emishinini yokushisela izinqe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho nokwethembeka kwamajoyinti ashiselwe. Izindlela zokuhlonza ezifanele zibalulekile ukuze kubonwe ukukhubazeka okungenzeka kanye nokuphambuka okungase kuphazamise ukusebenza kwe-weld. Lesi sihloko sihlola amasu asetshenziselwa ukuthola ikhwalithi yokushisela emishinini yokushisela izinqe, igqamisa ukubaluleka kwayo ekugcineni amazinga aphezulu obuqotho be-weld.

1. Ukuhlola Okubonwayo: Ukuhlola okubonwayo kuyindlela eqondile futhi yokuqala yokuthola ikhwalithi yokushisela. Abashiseli abanekhono nabahloli bahlola ngokucophelela ukubukeka kwe-weld bead, befuna amaphutha abonakalayo njengokuqhekeka, ukubola, ukuhlangana okungaphelele, noma ukungahambi kahle kwephrofayili yobuhlalu.
2. I-Penetrant Testing (PT): Ukuhlolwa kwe-Penetrant kuyindlela yokuhlola engonakalisi (NDT) ehlanganisa ukusebenzisa isingenela esiwuketshezi endaweni yokushisela. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile sokuhlala, ukungena okweqile kuyasuswa, futhi umthuthukisi uyasetshenziswa ukuze akhiphe noma iyiphi intuba evaleleke kumaphutha angaphezulu. Le ndlela ingakwazi ukukhomba imifantu emihle kanye nokukhubazeka okungenzeka kungabonakali ngeso lenyama.
3. Ukuhlolwa Kwezinhlayiya Ezizibuthe (MT): Ukuhlolwa kwezinhlayiyana zikaMagnetic kungenye indlela ye-NDT esetshenziselwa ukuthola ukonakala okungaphezulu nendawo eseduze. I-weld surface ifakwe uzibuthe, futhi izinhlayiya kazibuthe ziyasetshenziswa. Uma kukhona ukukhubazeka, izinhlayiya kazibuthe ziyabuthana futhi zenze izinkomba ezibonakalayo, okuvumela abahloli ukuthi bahlole ikhwalithi yokushisela.
4. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic (UT): Ukuhlola kwe-Ultrasonic kuyindlela ye-volumetric NDT esebenzisa amaza omsindo we-high-frequency ukuhlola ama-welds. Amaza e-Ultrasonic adluliselwa ku-weld, futhi noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka kwangaphakathi noma ukungaqhubeki kubonisa amagagasi abuyela kumamukeli. Le ndlela ihle kakhulu ekutholeni amaphutha angaphakathi nokuhlola ukuzwakala kwe-weld.
5. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Radiographic (RT): Ukuhlolwa kwe-radiographic kuhilela ukudlula ama-X-ray noma imisebe ye-gamma endaweni yokushisela kanye nokurekhoda imisebe esakazwayo emshinini wokuthungatha wefilimu noma wedijithali. Le ndlela ingathola ukukhubazeka kwangaphakathi okufana nama-voids, inclusions, nokuntuleka kokuhlanganisa, inikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nesakhiwo sangaphakathi se-weld.
6. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Tensile: Ukuhlolwa kwe-tensile kufaka ukufaka isampula ye-weld kumandla alawulekayo we-tensile kuze kube yilapho iphuka. Lokhu kuhlola kusiza ukuhlola izici zokukhanda ze-weld, njengamandla okuqina nobude, futhi inikeza imininingwane yawo wonke amandla nokusebenza kwe-weld.
7. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Bend: Ukuhlolwa kwe-Bend kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola i-ductility nomsindo wama-welds. Ingxenye ye-weld igotshwe endaweni ethile ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini ukuqhekeka noma ukukhubazeka okuvela endaweni engaphandle. Lokhu kuhlola kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ekutholeni ukukhubazeka kokushisela okungenzeka kungabonakali ekuhlolweni okubonakalayo.

Sengiphetha, ukuthola ikhwalithi yokushisela emishinini yokushisela izinqe kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe amajoyinti ashiselwe athembekile futhi asebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukuhlola okubukwayo kunikeza ukuhlolwa kokuqala, kuyilapho izindlela zokuhlola ezingezona ezonakalisayo ezifana ne-PT, MT, UT, kanye ne-RT zinikeza imininingwane ejulile ngobuqotho be-weld. Ukuhlolwa kwe-tensile nokuhlola ukugoba kunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nezakhiwo zemishini ye-weld kanye ne-ductility. Ngokusebenzisa lezi zindlela zokuhlonza, ama-opharetha wokushisela nabahloli bangakwazi ukusekela izindinganiso zekhwalithi eziqinile, bahlonze okungase kube khona amaphutha, futhi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi zokulungisa noma yiziphi izinkinga, baqinisekise ukusebenza kokushisela okungaguquki nokunokwethenjelwa ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene.